Archive

Sustaining Tuberculosis (TB) Diagnostics Cascade with the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Military Health Facilities in Nigeria

Harrison N*; Lawal I; Adamu Y; Olarinoye A; Elekwa C; Faluyi T; Okoye I; Okeji N; Chittenden L

    The impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis (TB) patients is evolving. The triple burden of COVID-19, Tuberculosis, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the major global health challenges of the twenty-first century. Nigeria ranks 10th among the 22 high-burden TB countries in the world. ...


Intersecting Challenges: TB and Mental Health among Refugees in India

Ilham Zaidi*

    India has experienced a notable surge in refugee populations from neighboring states, driven by conflicts, persecution, and natural disasters. Residing in temporary settlements, these refugees face a myriad of health challenges, including a heightened susceptibility to Tuberculosis (TB) infection. ...


Contribution of Quantiferon TB Gold in Tube to the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleurisy: A Monocentric Prospective Study

Rachida Yahiaoui-Sidi Said; Abdelbassat Ketfi*; Fethi Meçabih; Djennette Hakem; Nadjia Ramdani; Rabah Amrane

    The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy remains difficult because of its paucibacillary character. Several authors have studied the usefulness of IGRAs in the early diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy, whereas these tests are designed for the detection of latent tuberculosis infection. ...


Clinico-Demographic Profile of Drug Induced Hepatitis Patients on First Line Anti Tuberculosis Treatment in New Delhi

Rishi Kant Aharwal*; Vikram Vohra; Amit K Mehto

    Background: Drug Induced Hepatitis (DIH) is a serious adverse effect caused by Anti-Tubercular (ATT) drugs. The prevalence of DIH is much higher in developing countries owing to a higher prevalence of pre-existing chronic illnesses like acute or chronic liver disease and viral hepatitis; alcoholism; malnutrition; indiscriminate drug use; and a higher prevalence of advanced and drug-resistant TB requiring long-term treatment. ...


Mastic Disease: A Sequel of Renal Tuberculosis

Halfi Mohamed Ismail*; El Houss Salma; Benhadi Oumaima; Laamrani Fatima Zahra

    A 27-year-old male presented with lower back pain, dysuria, fatigue, night sweats, fever, and substantial weight loss during the preceding months. His medical history includes pulmonary tuberculosis. A CT scan was ordered to rule out some usual causes of renal colic, namely nephrolithiasis. ...


Mycobacteriophages as a Modern Medicine to Treat Tuberculosis: Hope or Illusion?

Zafran Khan*; Daniya Ualiyeva

    The upsurge of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has reignited interest in bacteriophages as an alternative to antibiotics. M. tuberculosis is genetically not diverse, and standard phages do not yet target it The genome of human-adapted M. tuberculosis is substantially smaller than that of its environmental progenitors...


COVID-19 Vaccination can Aid in the Eradication of Tuberculosis

Zafran Khan*; Daniya Ualiyeva#; Irfan Ullah; Obed Boadi Amissah; Khalid Jamal

    Despite the ongoing efforts of the End Tb strategy by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) by 2025, Tuberculosis (TB) was regarded as one of the most problematic infectious disease of international concern prior to the advent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The global TB report for 2021 emphasizes that we stand at a road...


Virtual Screening of Phytochemicals for Anti - Tubercular Potential Using Molecular Docking Approach

Geetika Preman; Muskaan Mulani; Ayesha Bare; Khushboo Relan; Leebah Sayyed; Vikas Jha; Kavita Pandey*

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a curable illness, caused by, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), is still significant. Technological progress in TB treatment has been limited. The major therapeutic technique to treat the condition is first line anti-tuberculosis drugs (A fixed-dose, single-tablet combination of four drugs: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) with almost an efficacy of 95% in susceptible individuals...


Gonadal Outcome Following Testicular Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Dibingue Clehaude; Abdi El Moustapha*; Al Afifi Mahmoud; Gallouo Messian; Moataz Amine; Dakir Mohamed; Debbagh Adil; Aboutaieb Rachid

    The WHO classifies urogenital tuberculosis as a severe type of TB that can be complicated by serious functional sequelae and occasionally necessitates surgical treatment. We provide a clinical case of a purulent right testicular TB melt managed by a right Orchidectomy and continued anti-tuberculosis medication, with a successful outcome (clinical and paraclinical with normal scrotal ultrasound as well as spermogram)...


Miliary Tuberculosis with Severe Pneumonia without Abnormal Chest Sounds in a Covid-19 Pandemic

Atana Uket Ewa*; Glory Ekpo Bassey; Ubong Aniefiok Udoh; Enobong Ufot Akpah; Kingsley Chidi Anachuna; Bassey Ewa Ekeng*

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a common cause of deaths in children in developing countries and TB endemic regions. Miliary TB accounts for 5% of the cases and represents disseminated TB with miliary shadows on Chest X- Ray (CXR). It occurs mainly in infants and children with non-specific features and a high mortality rate despite available treatment. BCG vaccination tends to protect against the disease and reduce its incidence...


Tuberculosis in a Cross-Border Hospital During Covid-19: Does a Pandemic Modifies Another Pandemic?

Emma Navarro Guerrero; Estela Peiteado Valderrama; Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech; Isabel Ascension Perez-Hernandez*

    Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, borders were closed in March 2020 to alleviate the health crisis and prevent further transmission and impact at the international level. This not only had economic consequences, but in border cities such as Melilla (Spain) the implications were also social. Under this situation, humanitarian settlements were created for people who could not return to their places of origin in Morocco...


Seven-Year Survival and Prognostic Factors for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Tertiary Care Centers in Kedah, Malaysia

Ibtisam Ismail*; Mohd Azri Mohd Suan; Shahrul Aiman Soelar; Huan Keat Chan; Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan

    Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern globally. This study aimed to evaluate the survival and the prognostic factors of TB patients after the diagnosis of TB at two tertiary centers in Kedah, Malaysia.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the two public tertiary centers. All adult patients above 18 years who were first clinically diagnosed with TB and hospitalized between January 2008 and December 2011 were included...


Decontamination Method for Tuberculosis: A Review

Gaurav verma*; Priyanka kashyap

    Tuberculosis is a communicable disease spread from one person to another; it is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It’s a very dangerous bacterial infection liable for severe increase in death cases. It’s a chronic granulomatous infectious disease. Infection happens via aerosol and inhalation of some droplets containing mycobacteria bacilli. The disease also affects animals like cattle; this is often referred to as bovine tuberculosis, which can sometimes be communicated to man...


Acute Encephalomyelitis due to Treatment for Tuberculous Meningitis

Michel Ferreira Machado*; Karen Andrade Norremose; Renan Barros Domingues

    Tuberculous meningitis develops when granulomas formed by bacillus release their content in the subarachoid space, triggering an inflammatory activity. After beginning treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs, some patients may have a paradoxical reaction which has different clinical manifestations. Here we present a case of a severe acute encephalomyelitis. A 38-years-old female presented with refractory headache.


Morbid Anatomy of Patients with Mycobacterial Infections, A Cross Sectional Autopsy Study at a Tertiary Hospital in a High Disease Burden Setting

Dan Wamala*; Gunilla Kallenius; Moses Joloba

   Tuberculosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Infections caused by different mycobacteria can be clinically indistinguishable but the differences in their pathological features and mortality are unclear. To evaluate the contribution of different mycobacterial pathogens to lethal mycobacterial disease and assess subsequent pathological features, we performed autopsies of 49 patients with suspected TB.


A Comparative Study of Conventional Methods and GeneXpert Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Rifampicin (MTB/RIF) Assay for Diagnosis of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Allah Rakhia*; Taj Muhammad Laghari; Muhammad Ayaz Mustufa; Yahya Noori; Rahila Bhutto; Zaheer Ali

    Keeping in view, the peculiar attributes like similarity of symptoms with other respiratory diseases, Paucibacillary nature and inability of children to expectorate which make diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis (TB) challenging, a study was conducted to find best available choices of diagnostic tests for early case detection of childhood TB particularly MDR TB.


WHO Short Course Regime for MDR TB – A Double Edged Sword?

Amit Sharma

    India has the dubious distinction of being the country with the highest quantum of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 recommended a shorter drug regimen for patients with MDR TB or Rifampin(R) resistant TB who had no past history of receiving second-line drugs (SLDs) and in whom resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) and Second Line Injectables (SLI) has been ruled out or was considered highly unlikely.


Tuberculosis Bug Everywhere in the Urinary Tract (Miliary Stricture) Resulting in a Rare Case of Obstructive Uropathy: A Case report

Abdul Rouf Khawaja, MS, DNB*; Yasir Dar, MS, DNB; Ajaz Koul, MD, MRCP; Manzoor Dar, MS, Mch; Muzzain Khateeb, MS, Mch; Arif Hamid Bhat, MS, Mch; Mohd Saleem Wani, MS, Mch

   Genitourinary Tuberculosis (GUTB) is the second most common form of extrapulmonary TB after lymph nodes. Extensive tubercular involvement of urinary tract may lead to auto-nephrectomy, pan-ureteral strictures, thimble bladder and rarely urethral strictures or a combination of these. Management of cases with involvement of multiple strictures at multiple sites is challenging.


Blinded Rechecking of AFB Smear Microscopy Performance in Selected Private Health Facilities in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Letebrhan Weldemhret

   Direct sputum smear microscopy remains the most cost-effective tool for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring in resource constrained settings. Random blinded rechecking is a reliable tool to measure and improve smear microscopy. So, this study was intended to assess random blinded rechecking of AFB smear microscopy performance in selected private health facilities in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia.


False Positive Rifampicin Resistance among HIV Patients attending Bahati Comprehensive Care Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

Lucy Obonyo Nyang’au*; Evans Amukoye; Stanley Kangethe; Jackson Onyuka

   Tuberculosis is a chronic airborne and infectious disease which remains a leading cause of death in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Globally in 2018, there were 251,000 documented cases of death in HIV positive people. Timely diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance to TB drugs in such patients remains a challenge because of non specific presentation and disseminated nature of the disease.


Effect of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Tuberculosis Prevalence among HIV Patients Attending Bahati Comprehensive Care Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

Lucy Obonyo Nyang’au*; Evans Amukoye; Stanley Kangethe; Jackson Onyuka

   Worldwide tuberculosis was top ten cause of death alongside, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in 2018; 10.0 million people became ill with tuberculosis with 1.2 million deaths occurring among HIV negative people while an additional 251,000 were HIV positive. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), intensified case finding, and infection control have been widely recommended to reduce the burden of TB in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV).


Cellular trafficking of nanocarriers in alveolar macrophages for effective management of pulmonary tuberculosis

Vipul A Sansare*; Deepa U Warrier; Ujwala A Shinde

   The aim of the present study was to design mannose anchored rifampicin nanostructured lipid carrier for active targeted drug delivery to alveolar macrophages. Targeting ligand, N-octadecyl-mannopyranosylamine was synthesized and characterized. Rifampicin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were composed of stearic acid, oleic acid and targeting ligand and were prepared by melt homogenization ultrasonication.


Miliary tuberculosis complicating intravesical BCG therapy

Ben Bdira Baraa*; Gargouri Imen; Hayouni Marouen; Benzarti Wafa; Aissa Sana; Hayouni Abdelaziz; Abdelghani Ahmed; Garrouch Abdelhamid; Benzarti Mohamed

    In April 2018, a 63-year-old patient was admitted due to general fatigue, dyspnea and continuous pyrexia. He was previously treated for several weeks with intravesical BCG for a bladder carcinoma. Chest computed tomography scan revealed bilateral miliary nodules. Microbiological findings including acid fast staining and urine cultures were all negative...


Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis: A retrospective cohort study of 632 cases

Poras Chaudhary*; Bindiya Chaudhary; Amrit kumar gupta; Pute u losu; Romesh Lal

    Introduction: With 20% cases, India accounts for the highest tuberculosis burden in the world. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in India. Aim of this study is to present our experience on tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis.


Prevalence and predictors of Tuberculosis among diabetes patients in Nigeria; A multicentre study

Joseph Chukwu; Ngozi Ekeke; Charles Nwafor; Elias Aniwada*; Eruke Egbagbe; Andrew Edo; Ekenechukwu Young; Miriam Ajuba; Ngozi Murphy-Okpala; Adesina; Adenike Enikuomeyin; Abiodun Hassan

    Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of TB among DM patients as well as factors influencing the co-morbidity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted under routine programme settings in ten purposively selected health facilities in 6 states in southern Nigeria in 2018. Over a period of six months, all diagnosed DM cases aged ≥18years who attended the clinics were progressively screened for tuberculosis.


Tubercular cerebellar abscess: A case report from a tertiary care centre, Hyderabad, Telangana state

Swathi Akula*; Rajkumar HRV

    Abscesses that are enclosed within the bony cage of the skull or spinal column can expand to compress the brain or spinal cord and cause severe symptoms, permanent complications, or even death. Prompt diagnosis and proper treatment can avert complications and achieve cure in many cases. Tuberculosis is one of the rare cause of the brain abscess. Both the diagnosis and management of abscess..


Assessment of the quality of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the pulmonology department of Fann hospital in Dakar

Mbaye FBR*; Dia S; Thiam Khady; Cissé MF; Mouandilmadji MD; Kane YD; Ndiaye EM; Sagne JMAN; Ka W; Ndao M; Soumaré M; Ka TN; Touré NO

    Purpose:Tuberculosis (TB) still constitutes a major public health challenge due to its high mortality and morbidity rates [1]. In 2017, 10.4 million people contracted the disease and 1.8 million died from it. More than 95% of tuberculosis deaths occur in low and middle income countries...


Association of BoLA-DRB3.2 gene polymorphism with Tuberculosis susceptibility of dairy cattle in Chinese Holstein cattle

Xiaolin Zheng; Bo Qin; Qinglu Wang L; Youtao Wang; Qishun Liao; Jinling Zheng; Guodong Dong; Yifang Zhang; Xianwei Shi*; Jun Chai*

    Purpose: Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen-DRB3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2), plays a critical role in immunologic function. This study focuses on the variations of BoLA-DRB3.2 Gene in Chinese Holstein of dairy cattle and their relationship to tuberculosis susceptibility.


Economic impact of the implementation of a fixed dose combination treatment for Tuberculosis in Mexico

Jorge González-Canudas*; Jesús Felipe González-Roldán; Martín Castellanos-Joya; Yulia Romero-Antonio; Aarón Molina-Pérez; Juan Gabriel Gay-Molina

    Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of 2 treatment schemes for tuberculosis in Mexico, before and after the implementation of fixed-dose combination (FDC).
Material and methods: Model of economic evaluation based on information posted for 2014 cohort. The results and costs of drugs in both scenarios (1 = prior to 2006, single tablets; 2 = after to 2006, FDC) were evaluated using a decision tree model.


Regional, chronologic and international comparisons of relative morbidity and mortality caused by tuberculosis and some other diseases: Age-related patterns and gender differences

Viktor I Goudochnikov

    The present article describes epidemiologic indices for tuberculosis and some other infectious and cardiometabolic disorders, performing regional and chronologic comparisons in Southern region of Brazil, as well as international comparisons with Chile. The data obtained show that at least in populations studied, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS are disorders belonging to intermediate age categories with male predominance, in contrast to septicemia and cardiometabolic diseases. It is suggested that partially tuberculosis may be a consequence of HIV / AIDS.


A rare combination of cavitating miliary tuberculosis and multiple brain tuberculomas in an infant

Bhanu Prakash J; Vinod H Ratageri*; S R Fattepur

    Cavitatory pulmonary tuberculosis is a rare entity in children especially in infants. Tuberculomas in brain is rarer in infants and children. Concurrent occurrence of multiple brain tuberculomas and miliary tuberculosis with cavitatory pulmonary tuberculosis is an extremely rare phenomenon. We present an infant with these rarities.


Multifocal tuberculosis in Southern Tunisia: What is specific with?

Maroua Trigui; Houda Ben Ayed; Makram Koubaa; Maissa Ben Jemaa; Fatma Hammemi; Mariem Ben Hmida; Chokri Masmoudi; Chakib Marrakchi; Sourour Yaich; Jamel Damak; Mounir Ben Jemaa

    Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a public health concern worldwide. Multifocal Tuberculosis (MFT) is a severe disease and relatively an unusual form of TB. We aimed to identify the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of MFT in Southern Tunisia and to analyse its chronological trends between 1995 and 2016. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study from January 1995 to December 2016 in South of Tunisia including all new TB cases. MFT was defined as concurrent tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous organs.


Leukopenia induced by anti-tuberculosis treatment

Belloumi Nidhal*; Ben Bdira Baraa; Bachouche Imene; Kacem Marwa; Chermiti Ben Abdallah Fatma; Fenniche Soraya

    Poor compliance to anti-tuberculosis treatment is sometimes related to its adverse effects. By reporting any unusual or severe treatment related accident, we try to enlarge our background in order to manage better any similar case.


Tuberculosis and tobacco smoking.

Jean Perriot*; Michel Underner; Gérard Peiffer

    Tuberculosis and tobacco smoking are two major public health problems which are causing a heavy mortality worldwide. Tobacco smoke increases the risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, of severe TB and death from TB. In emerging countries, quitting smoking is a means of controlling the TB epidemic. Smokers with TB are less compliant with TB medications, justifying smoking cessation support. Helping to quit smoking increases adherence to treatment of tuberculosis and tobacco abstinence rates among patients treated.


Case study: Tuberculosis skin testing study tool

Cynthia Stone

    Tuberculosis continues to infect millions of people in the world each year and is the leading cause of death for people with HIV. Use of a Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) can be used to identify latent tuberculosis and to diagnose active tuberculosis disease. To assist in developing this skill a TST study tool was developed. The TST study tool has been used by various tuberculosis instructors in a mid-western state to meet the intent of providing skilled health care providers to do TST for patients entering long term care and employees in other health facilities.


Unite to end TB

Zuber Ahmed*; Ishma Zubair

    Tuberculosis is one of the world's deadliest diseases and is a major global health problem. In 2016, there were an estimated 10.4 million new TB cases and an estimated 1.7 million TB deaths worldwide. The situation is further aggravated by emergence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. In 2016, United Nations adopted a new set of goals, known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end TB. Ending TB by 2030 is a target of the SDGs and the goal of the End TB Strategy. WHO has set a target of 95% reduction in deaths and a 90% decline in TB incidence by 2035. WHO calls on all governments, communities, civil society, and the private sector to "Unite to End TB. Ending TB can be achieved with greater collaboration within and across governments.


Anti-tuberculosis drug target discovery by targeting the higher in-degree proteins (HidPs) of the pathogen's transcriptional network

Tao Cui, Jumei Zeng, Zheng-Guo He*

    With the emergence of multiple-drug resistant bacteria pathogens, it has become increasingly important to develop new strategies for exploring alternative drug targets and new bactericides. However, new drug targets with a different antimycobacterial spectrum than current clinical drugs are lacking. In this study, based on a transcriptional regulation (TR) network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, more than 60 higher in-degree proteins (HidPs) from the network were first characterized.


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