Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy is the important procedure for severe mitral valve stenosis. The determining factors for the procedural success are transeptal puncture and Left Ventricle (LV) entry. Of which, inability to balloon catheter crossing across the mitral valve is the primary cause for procedural failure.
Double Chambered Right Ventricle (DCRV) is a rare congenital heart disease, characterized by the presence of an abnormal muscle band dividing the right ventricle into two chambers proximal and distal, most cases are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, rarely in adulthood.
Sinisterum is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a fibromuscular membrane dividing the left atrium into two chambers. While typically diagnosed in childhood, this condition may occasionally present in adults with associated cardiac complications.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a rare, yet potentially life-threatening, condition involving the spontaneous tearing or separation of the coronary artery wall. This occurs in the absence of atherosclerosis, trauma, or iatrogenic causes. SCAD can lead to myocardial injury through coronary artery obstruction, often caused by intramural hematoma formation or intimal disruption.
Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare congenital malformation, usually without clinical impact, due to the persistence of the anterior cardinal vein. It is detected in approximately 3% of autopsies and in 2% to 4% of patients with congenital heart disease.
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